Introduction to global politics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Introduction to global politics - Term Paper Example China is now the cynosure of eyes in pure business terms. Countries like India and Brazil have also been able to invite world attention, as huge investment possibility exists in these poor countries as well. Countries like India and Brazil have also been able to invite world attention, as huge investment possibility exists in these poor countries as well. Unlike earlier times, when the military might was the only yardstick to measure the strength of a country, today the economic strength holds key. Strategic tie-ups take place amongst countries depending upon the economic leverages being held by each country. The classical liberalism limited the role of governments to maintaining social order, enforcing law and defending the country against foreign aggressions. This kind of liberalism hinged on individualism, with respective countries making best efforts to safeguard their own interests. But, over the years this philosophy has widened to a great extent. The neo-liberalism not only in cludes the individualistic or country specific aspects, but it also includes regional interest as well as global interests. For example, the recession hit economies of US and the European nations is a matter of concern for almost all countries around the world, because a weak US economy, weaker dollar, weaker Euro would imply all round losses to many countries around the world. On the other side, the neo-liberalism promotes institutions like world bank or IMF, which provide easier loans and financial assistance to nations in need of such assistance. Q-3. Is 'National Interest' a useful concept for understanding the actions of states It is true that in the market driven economy, the 'interest' of states lies well beyond the boundaries of the state. But, the 'national interest' proves crucial for shaping policies, retaining power and winning the confidence of corporate world. Therefore, the 'national interest' is indeed a very useful concept in understanding the actions of states. For the sake of argument it can also be said that in today's materialistic world, number of political people have become more of self-serving nature, but it is equally true that they too realise the importance of 'national interest'. If the national interest goes, their own identity too melts away. While devising policies for foreign trade, tripartite agreements or regional framework agreements, a state is supposed to keep its national interests supreme, while extending ground to other state/s Q-4. What are the key causes of war If we analyse the causes of the two world wars, it becomes abundantly clear that the imperialistic policies of some nations was a key factor in antagonising other countries which in turn translated into wars. But, it must also be emphasised that when some of the European nations established their colonies in foreign land, they started exploiting the alien land for the natural resources and trade prospects. This indicates that economic interest was equally relevant even during those days. It was only after the oppressed people started reacting, that war like situations started. War can take place on economic, industrial, racial, religious, cultural issues. Therefore in general key causes of war include

Emerging adulthoods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Emerging adulthoods - Essay Example When there are no social bonds and turning points these difficulties are carried into emerging adulthood. The solution is to create opportunities for this emerging adulthood; to build social bonds and have turning points as these have been proved to work by previous research. This can be done in various ways. Salvatore talks about social restrictions and age – graded theories that he explains using the term â€Å"desistance†. Desistance happens over time while social bonds are developed. Because of the time effect of desistance, the changes that occur are self made and not imposed on the individuals. The person only finds reasons for not wanting to engage in offensive action. These are things like job stability where the person has a stable income and a steady job that he can rely on and has no spare time for offensive action. The other reason is a strong attachment to one's business, where the person loves his/her job and wants to keep it and, so they abide to rules an d regulations of the job and keep the proper business ethics. Another reason is marriage. An individual may get attached to another person, and does not want to get separated from them. Therefore, they distance themselves from anything that could take them away from their loved one. Family ties are also responsible for desistance especially when an individual becomes a parent. They tend to want to set good examples for their children, and be there when they are growing up. Thus, they leave their past life of an offence and build a new one with this motivation. Age also matters when it comes to desistance. One will only look at their age and feel the need to have an alteration from the offensive life they have been leading form years. All this are the opposite of the root causes for an offensive lifestyle. Most offenders have nothing of value in their lives; they have nothing to live up to and without motivation, life has no meaning. Salvatore claims that social controls and turning points are the solution to emerging adulthood, and he is right in that a change in lifestyle could affect a change in performance. While some people may argue that the factors discussed above may not necessarily cause a change of behavior, it can be proven that social bonds like a marriage and a stable job will greatly reduce the time spent with delinquent peers who will always be a bad influence an individual showing signs of desistance. Cultural differences are relevant to emerging adult hoods as they introduce new opportunities and new peers. However, trends are changing in relation to the societal norms. More and more young people in the United States are postponing marriages and some are not getting married at all. Marriage is one of the key transitions to adulthood, and it acts as a socializing institution that requires conformity to conventional social norms (Laub & Sampson 2). This in turn, leads to delayed parenting and the responsibilities that come with parenting. Changes in the economy have also not been helpful for the emerging adulthood growth as the young now have to work very hard; just to have a middle class lifestyle and most give up trying. Increased educational credentials are also required, just to get a decent job. This is problematic to most young people; who have no post high school education. This leads to lack of financial independence, which makes most young people remain at home or move back to their parents’ houses, and continue on with their offensive performance. These trends in marriage, economy, parenting and education have led to an extended transition period where the young adults continue acting like teenagers trying to find themselves while continuing with their

Moral, Social and Political Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Moral, Social and Political Philosophy - Essay Example Held charged traditional philosophy with presenting masculine morality as gender neutral and superior to those of women. The paradigms used, such as the contractual, conflict, competition and controversy models, are by themselves forms of gender bias and support patterns of domination and subordination. The ratiocinations of Alasdair MacIntyre in his essay Is Patriotism a Virtue, although admittedly an improvement over traditional Western concepts of morality and philosophy is actually founded on its basic masculine bias and interests. It remains to be contract, conflict, competition and controversy driven, resting on public rather than private realities. Espousing the particular characteristics and merits of one's particular nation is relevant only within the framework of physical national boundaries and the competition for resources and relies on a culture of scarcity, selfishness and rivalry. Identity is not really inflexible and set on hard and fast rules. MacIntyre's rejection of objective and impartial moral vantage point from which to view patriotism is superficial. He even acceded that personal morality is colored by its source, the culture of its situs and the ethics of its teachers. It is an admission that the subject is learned by osmosis subconsciously and not from formal education. It is highly susceptible to emotional prodding of self-interest and pride. Patriotism is only partially induced by the maternalist ethics of care which Ms. Held would like to become the foundation of modern morality, philosophy and politics. As such, it cannot cross the chasm of bias and regionalism which would be otherwise in a culture of care where responsible beings would be willing to let go of superficial standards in order to achieve a more enlightened national or even world culture. 2. Current morality and ethics on war and capital punishment depends on the justness of the grounds and the means for doing so. A reactive war on self-defense and self-preservation in response to an invasion or attack is accepted as ethical and moral and so would a pre-emptive one if a threat of invasion or attack is eminent and likely. A just war is not one for invasion and selfish purposes and ends. The convictions of doing away with armed conflict between political communities came about after suffering two world wars and centuries of smaller ones and embodied in the United Nations Charter. Only the possibility of international cooperation could prevent any nation from using force to gain territory, wealth and resources from another. The Clausewitz definition is no longer probable except under the auspices of the United Nations. A disagreement in governance no longer justifies killing of a multitude by another nation. Nevertheless, wars do break out once in a while as long as nations keep arms and manufacture them. Killing as a way of punishment is justified by way of social protection and retaliation for the commission of serious crimes. This is practiced because imprisonment of the criminal for life does not ensure deterrence of criminal behavior and rehabilitation of the convict, in addition to taxing the treasury of necessary funds to keep the criminal behind bars. It has also been asserted that the same goes with capital punishment and death does not reform the criminal nor make amends especially for the murder of another person. There is always the possibility of

Foreign Influence on English Football Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Foreign Influence on English Football - Essay Example The article written by Patrick Mcgovern challenges the basis behind the import of foreign players into English football. He states that the global market is a free process which changes the nature of the economic competition. Having investigated hiring practices for the English football league during 1946 to 1995, one aspect of the conclusions was that globalization might be a reasonable thing to expect. It points out that global influence is not just about players. It is also about economic social and political factors that can have either national or indeed British origins. However, this article also points out that there is consistency in the types of foreign players that are chosen to play in the English league. This can be in terms of climate, culture, language and, the style of football. This would fit countries such as Scotland, Ireland, northern Europe and Australia. However, the article fails to point out that quite a number of foreign players have come from South America, s uch as Argentina or Brazil. Their influence cannot be discounted. Therefore, the choice of fine players is partly due to culture choices.

Analysis of Cross Cultural Management of Ericsson Company Assignment

Analysis of Cross Cultural Management of Ericsson Company - Assignment Example The different countries have different beliefs, traditions, and religions giving rise to a wide array of the cultures. The management of the companies has grown keeping in view with the culture of the different countries giving rise to the cross-cultural management. It has become a prime concept in the context of the modern business environment for the development of the business. The corporate culture today is involved in understanding the essence of the different cultures of the countries. It has become important for the companies to understand the cultures of the countries they operate and influence the operations of the companies. The companies in the different countries employ the people of the country who are influenced by the domestic culture. It is important to understand the culture to understand the operations and the activity of the employees in the countries. The management has to get a hold over the culture to influence the change in the organization and to look into the development of it. It has become an integral part of the organizations in the world over and it is not merely an â€Å"add-on†. (Lakomski, 2005, P. 42; Tjosvold & Leung, 2003, P. 156)   The paper will deal with the business case of Ericsson. Ericsson is a Swedish telecommunications company and a firm in the industry that can offer end-to-end solutions in the sector. The company has been successful in its operations in the world over and India, as a market held a good proposition for the country. In fact, about 40% of the total calls made in the world are routed through the networks of Ericsson.  This underlines the size of the company and the prospect, which the company possesses. In the case of India, Ericsson has entered the market at the start of the 20th century. The company dealt in the switches in the electric board. India, as a market of the mobile technology, took a giant step in the decade of the 1990s

Different Types of Credit Cards Essay Example for Free

Different Types of Credit Cards Essay INTRODUCTION In this assignment, I am doing a particular study about the different types of credit cards. A credit card is a payment card issued to users as a system of payment. It allows the cardholder to pay for goods and services based on the holders promise to pay for them. The issuer of the card creates a revolving account and grants a line of credit to the consumer (or the user) from which the user can borrow money for payment to a merchant or as a cash advance to the user. A credit card is different from a charge card: a charge card requires the balance to be paid in full each month. In contrast, credit cards allow the consumers a continuing balance of debt, subject to interest being charged. A credit card also differs from a cash card, which can be used like currency by the owner of the card. A credit card differs from a charge card also in that a credit card typically involves a third-party entity that pays the seller and is reimbursed by the buyer, whereas a charge card simply defers payment by the buyer until a later date. The size of most credit cards is 85.60 Ãâ€" 53.98 mm (33/8 Ãâ€" 21/8 in), conforming to the ISO/IEC 7810 ID-1 standard. Credit cards have an embossed bank card number complying with the ISO/IEC 7812 numbering standard. Credit cards Credit cards now are of various types with different fees, interest rates and rewarding programs. When applying for a credit card, it is important to learn of their diverse types to know the one best suited to their lifestyle and financial status. Different types of credit cards available by banks and other companies/organizations are briefly described below. Standard Credit Card: This is the most commonly used. One is allowed to use money up to a certain limit. The account holder has to top up the amount once the level of the balance goes down. An outstanding balance gets a penalty charge. Premium Credit Card: This has a much higher bank account and fees. Incentives are offered in this over and above that in a standard card. Credit card holders are offered travel incentives, reward points, cask back and other rewards on the use of this card. This is also called the Reward Credit Card. Some examples are: airlines frequent flier credit card, cash back credit card, automobile manufacturers rewards credit card. Platinum and Gold, MasterCard and Visa card fall into this category . Secured Credit Card: People without credit history or with tarnished credit can avail this card. A security deposit is required amounting to the same as the credit limit. Revolving balance is required according to the buying and selling done. The cardholder of a secured credit card is still expected to make regular payments, as with a regular credit card, but should they default on a payment, the card issuer has the option of recovering the cost of the purchases paid to the merchants out of the deposit. The advantage of the secured card for an individual with negative or no credit history is that most companies report regularly to the major credit bureaus. This allows building a positive credit history. Although the deposit is in the hands of the credit card issuer as security in the event of default by the consumer, the deposit will not be debited simply for missing one or two payments. Usually the deposit is only used as an offset when the account is closed, either at the request of the customer or due to severe delinquency (150 to 180 days). This means that an account which is less than 150 days delinquent will continue to accrue interest and fees, and could result in a balance which is much higher than the actual credit limit on the card. Limited Purpose Credit Card: There is limitation to its use and is to be used only for particular applications. This is used for establishing small credits such as gas credits and credit at departmental stores. Minimal charges are levied. Charge Credit Card: This requires the card holder to make full payment of the balance every month and therefore there is no limit to credit. Because of the spending flexibility, the card holder is expected to have a higher income level and high credit score. Penalty is incurred if full payment of the balance is not done in time. Specialty Credit Card: It is used for business purposes enabling businessmen to keep their businesses transactions separately in a convenient way. Charge cards and standard cards are available for this. Also, students enrolled in an accredited 4-year college/university course can avail this benefit. Prepaid Credit Card: Here, money is loaded by the card holder on to the card. It is like a debit card except that it is not tied up with a bank account. This is directly connected to savings account. The payments from this card can be made until there is balance in the account. Low Interest Rate Credit Cards: This credit card is highly useful as they will have low interest rates. Business Credit Cards Credit cards that are specifically for business use only. They give the privilege for business owners to have an easy method of keeping and separating personal and business transaction. This credit card is available for businessmen who have large scale, small scale or medium scale business to look after. This card is highly useful for facilitating businessman’s training programs, travel and entertainment programs. Gold Credit Card: Gold credit cards are made for higher income groups who also have higher credit rating. It is a status symbol and is considered prestigious. The features of gold credit cards are: Cash withdrawal limit is higher Credit limit is higher Provides one Add-on card which can be given to either, spouse, children or parents of the credit card holder Provides many privileges such as travel insurance, reward points, cash back offers etc. Platinum or Titanium Card: P latinum or Titanium cards are similar to gold credit cards but they have few more additional benefits. The additional features may differ from bank to bank. Few common features are listed below: Protection against credit card loss and theft. Protection against online fraud transactions Protection against sickness and injury by an accident. There is no yearly fee Silver Credit Card: Silver credit cards are the standard credit cards available and most of the employed people with 4 or 5 years’ experience can own this type of card. The features of silver cards are: Lower membership fees The applicant need not be a high- salaried person to buy silver card. The interest rate is 0% initially between 6-9 months when transferring account balance from one credit provider to another one. If the credit history of the card holder is good, the credit limit provided will be the same as provided to other credit cards. There are many other types of credit cards sold in India. Few are mentioned below: Rewards Credit Card: This card has rewards attached to it on based on usage of the card, for e.g. A card may offer 5% discount on fuel, if it is used to buy fuel and gas, or a card may offer cash back facility if a certain amount is spent through it. Balance Transfer Credit Card: This card is bought to pay outstanding amount of one card with the other. In this too there are cards that offer interest-free time period. List of credit cards provided by the various banks: Indian Overseas Bank Visa International Credit card Axis Platinum card Bank of Indias India Card Gold International Card Citibank Dinners Club International card ICICI Bank Online card Syndicate Global Gold Credit Card CorpBank Gold card Vijaya Bank Visa Gold Credit Card HSBC Platinum card CorpBank Classic card Vijaya Bank VISA Classic International Card HDFC Silver credit card Conclusion Here we discussed about various types credit cards that using for the simplicity in transactions. Many credit cards can also be used in an ATM to withdraw money against the credit limit extended to the card, but many card issuers charge interest on cash advances before they do so on purchases. As well as convenient, accessible credit, credit cards offer consumers an easy way to track expenses, which is necessary for both monitoring personal expenditures and the tracking of work-related expenses for taxation and reimbursement purposes. Credit cards are accepted worldwide, and are available with a large variety of credit limits, repayment arrangement, and other perks (such as insurance protection, rewards schemes in which points earned by purchasing goods with the card can be redeemed for further goods and services or cashback). Some countries, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and France, limit the amount for which a consumer can be held liable due to fraudulent transactions as a result of a consumers credit card being lost or stolen.

Critical Reflection On Personal Experience With Anxiety Patient Nursing Essay

Critical Reflection On Personal Experience With Anxiety Patient Nursing Essay Boyd and Fales (1983) suggest that critical reflection is the difference between whether an individual repeats the same experience several times therefore developing proficiency in one behaviour or if the person can learn from an experience in such a way that the individual becomes more open to change and development. By using reflection as a tool, many advantages can be gained in the development of nursing care. It is suggested that by encouraging nurses to reflect upon nursing situations, in order to promote the nurses professional development there will be by a process of growth better nursing care for the patients (Gustafson and Fagerberg , 2004). This essay presents a reflective overview of an experience that took place during my clinical placement with the Accident and Emergency Psychiatric Liaison Team and will focus specifically on my experience with a patient who attended the department with an anxiety disorder. I will use the Levitt-Jones (2007) narrative framework to underpin this essay and also aim to demonstrate and implement the Specific Capabilities in Practice (SCiPs) during this reflective process. It is important at this point to review the principles of confidentiality, as detailed by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008), when providing information about a patients care it is important to maintain confidentiality. Therefore the patient will be referred to as Jane (not her real name) for the purpose of this essay. Jane attended the Accident and Emergency department complaining of tightness in her chest, nausea, feelings of dizziness and a dry mouth. She was examined by the medical team who found no underlying physical cause for these symptoms. During the medical assessment process it was disclosed by Jane that she had been prescribed medication for an anxiety disorder by her GP. It was with this knowledge that Jane was referred to the Psychiatric Liaison Team for a mental health assessment. My mentor had suggested that I go and introduce myself to Jane and let her know we would be coming to complete a mental health assessment once her blood results had come through and she had been classified as medically fit. I approached the bed area where Jane was and noted the curtains were partially pulled round the bed, as I approached the bed area round the curtain I started to introduce myself and explain about the mental health assessment, however I was unable to finish my introduction and explanation as Jane shouted go away, get out, I want you out. At this time I am aware I froze, uncertain as how to proceed as this was not what I expected, Jane again stated that she wanted me to go away so I turned and walked away from the bed area and returned to my mentor to report what had just occurred. My mentor advised me that we would wait for Jane to be cleared medically and then she would go and speak to Jane about what had just occurred; my mentor suggested this would give Jane time to calm down and give us an opportunity to request any past psychiatric records. Whilst I was waiting for a fax from Janes GP, I was pre-occupied with what had happened and wondered if Janes reaction was because she had some kind of issue with me, my appearance or what I was wearing. I also questioned if Jane did not want student nurses involved in her care or if she had issues about having a mental health assessment. I also ran through, over and over, what I had said and how I had said it; was I too loud? Did I startle her by coming round the curtain unannounced? My mentor returned to the office after having spoken discreetly with Jane and disclosed to me that as I approached Jane she was in fact experiencing a panic attack and she had become agitated and shouted for me to leave as she was worried I would think she was mental and couldnt bear the thought of a stranger watching her have a panic attack. I had felt relieved and some of my own anxiety was reduced when this information was handed over to me as I had become convinced I had done something wrong to provoke this reaction from Jane; however my mentor suggested that Jane was now willing for me to complete the mental health assessment. During the course of the assessment I was able to identify some key points that required some further exploration with Jane and my mentor encouraged me to sit with Jane and talk through our suggested treatment plan and plan of care. Jane disclosed that her anxiety symptoms had started several months ago following the death of her cousin in a road traffic accident, initially they had been mild but as time had gone on things had got a lot worse. In addition to the symptoms of anxiety Jane had described she also during the course of our assessment identified experiences that could also be defined as symptoms of depression; these included; loss of appetite, early morning waking and low mood. The GP records that had been faxed over indicated that an anti depressant had been prescribed for Jane (Citilopram) months ago but she disclosed she had not taken this on a daily basis as she thought it was just to help when she was really bad. It is reported that despite an increase in the prescribing of anti depressants compliance with antidepressants by patients has been described as a major problem (Pampallona et al, 2002). This can be attributed to many reasons including; fear of dependence, concern of social stigma and also the prescriber giving unclear instructions about how and why the medication should be taken (McMullen and Herman, 2009). Jane had stated that she did not know why she had been given and anti depressant for anxiety and that she was not aware that she should take it every day. Jane also expressed concern that she was going to become addicted to the anti depressants and that she would not want to stay on them for any longer than a couple of weeks. I aimed to reassure and educate Jane by telling her that Citilopram; although a medication from the anti depressant family also, had properties that would treat her symptoms of anxiety and panic. The benefits would only be felt if the medication was taken every day and only after at least a period of 3 to 4 weeks should any benefit be highlighted (NICE, 2009). I was also able to inform Jane that it is recommended that treatment with anti depressants should continue for at least six months, even if she was to feel better, to ensure the chance of relapse and re emergence of symptoms is reduced (NICE, 2009). Jane stated her GP had told her the medication was to make her feel better but not much more information about how often and for how long she should take it, Jane indicated she would now take it every day and see if it helped her. At the end of the assessment Jane thanked me for my help and again apologised for snapping at me. I felt it was important to end the assessment with both myself and Jane feeling the issue was resolved so that our relationship could move so I empathised with her that she was having a very difficult time and her response was understandable in the context of what was happening to her at that time. Berg and Hallberg (2000) suggest that caring for people with mental illness demands an intensified presence, not allowing one to glide away, close the door or just disappear. On reflection I felt that although initially anxious and self critical of my initial interaction with Jane, I was tempted not to return to complete the assessment with my mentor, however I was glad that I did so that a relationship could be established and the outcome became more positive for myself and most importantly for Jane. I was able to spend some time a week later with my mentor and we discussed the outcomes from Janes assessment. Initially I had felt unwilling to proceed with the assessment and admitted to my mentor that I had felt very anxious about Janes initial reaction to me. My mentor identified she was aware that I had personalised Janes response and that I had questioned myself at length about what I had done wrong. My mentor was able to advise me that although it is essential for nurses to reflect on their interactions with patients, it is also important to attempt to obtain balance in the reflective process; which on this instance I had initially failed to do. I had become so focused on what I could have done wrong this was not balanced with what other factors may have influenced the patients reaction. Hem and Heggen (2003) suggest that an important element for mental health nurses was to recognize personal vulnerability in order to survive and develop professionally. The interaction with Jane did make me feel vulnerable; however by spending time with my mentor and by resolving the issues with Jane by understanding the reasons behind her behaviour, I feel that have further developed my skills and self awareness when delivering patient care.